5/6/2023 0 Comments Weight loss recent axl roseObesity as a Metabolic/Genetic CVD Risk Factor This statement reviews the available evidence of the impact of obesity on cardiovascular disease (CVD), with emphasis on the evaluation of cardiac structure and function in obese patients and the effect of weight loss on the cardiovascular system. Moreover, the cardiovascular clinical evaluation of obese patients may be limited because of the morphology of the individual. 13 Beyond an unfavorable risk factor profile, overweight and obesity also affect heart structure and function. 11,12 More recently, the AHA has addressed and reviewed a variety of weight loss approaches for the management and treatment of obesity. 4,5,10 This sudden, unanticipated jump in the prevalence of obesity led the American Heart Association (AHA) to call for action to curb the consequences of this epidemic. During that same period, the prevalence of obesity increased from 22.9% to 30.5%. 9 The authors observed that from 1988–1994 (NHANES III) to NHANES 1999–2000, the prevalence of overweight in adults increased from 55.9% to 64.5%. 4,8 The original alarm was sounded in 1994 by the National Center for Health Statistics when they reported their data from the first 3 years of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). 7 Through the use of the BMI, the epidemic of obesity that began in the 1980s has been tracked through the end of the century. ![]() Table 1 shows the classification developed by a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute task force, along with the associated disease risk with increasing BMI. In adults, overweight is defined as a BMI of 25.0 to 29.9 kg/m 2 obesity is defined as a BMI ≥30.0 kg/m 2. BMI (weight in kilograms/height 2 in meters) is frequently used as a surrogate measure of fatness in children and adults. 3–5 Historically, the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data that express body fatness as percent ideal body weight have been used, 6 but currently overweight and obesity are classified by body mass index (BMI). Obesity is becoming a global epidemic, 1,2 and in the past 10 years in the United States, dramatic increases in obesity have occurred in both children and adults. In this statement, we review the available evidence of the impact of obesity on CVD with emphasis on the evaluation of cardiac structure and function in obese patients and the effect of weight loss on the cardiovascular system. However, the cardiovascular clinical evaluation of obese patients may be limited because of the morphology of the individual. The pathophysiology of these entities that are linked to obesity will be discussed. On the whole, overweight and obesity predispose to or are associated with numerous cardiac complications such as coronary heart disease, heart failure, and sudden death because of their impact on the cardiovascular system. Hence, obesity may affect the heart through its influence on known risk factors such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, glucose intolerance, inflammatory markers, obstructive sleep apnea/hypoventilation, and the prothrombotic state, in addition to as-yet-unrecognized mechanisms. Besides an altered metabolic profile, a variety of adaptations/alterations in cardiac structure and function occur in the individual as adipose tissue accumulates in excess amounts, even in the absence of comorbidities. Health service use and medical costs associated with obesity and related diseases have risen dramatically and are expected to continue to rise. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality as well as reduced life expectancy. In fact, obesity is an independent risk factor for CVD, and CVD risks have also been documented in obese children. It is associated with numerous comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD), type 2 diabetes, hypertension, certain cancers, and sleep apnea/sleep-disordered breathing. Obesity is becoming a global epidemic in both children and adults. Customer Service and Ordering Information. ![]()
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